Pali Primer - BuddhaSasana

	CONTENTS
	Pronunciation
01	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a Nominative case, singular and plural Present, third, singular and plural verbs
02	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a, continued Accusative case, singular and plural
03	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a, continued Instrumental case, singular and plural
04	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a, continued Ablative case, singular and plural
05	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a, continued Dative case, singular and plural
06	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a, continued Genitive case, singular and plural
07	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a, continued Locative case, singular and plural
08	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a, continued Vocative case, singular and plural Declension of neuter nouns ending in -a
09	The Gerund / Absolutive
10	The Infinitive
11	The present participle, masculine and neuter genders
12	Conjugation of Verbs - Present Tense, Active
13	Conjugation of Verbs - Present Tense, Active Voice, continued
14	The Further Tense
15	The Optative / Potential Mood
16	The Imperative Mood
17	The Past Tense
18	Declension of feminine nouns ending in -ā
19	The Past Participle
20	Declension of feminine nouns ending in -i and ī
21	The Present Participle, feminine gender
22	The Future Passive Participle
23	The Causative
24	Declension of feminine nouns ending in -u
25	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -i
26	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -ī
27	Declension of masculine nouns ending in -u and -ū
28	Declension of agent nouns and nouns indicating relationships
29	Declension of neuter nouns ending in -i and -u
30	Declension of adjectives ending in -vantu and -mantu
31	Declension of personal pronouns
32	Declension of personal pronouns, relative, demonstrative and interrogative
33	List of Pāli Verbs Pāli Vocabulary (other than verbs) Glossary

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PĀLI PRIMER
Namo Tassa Bhagavato Arahato Sammāsambuddhassa.
Homage to the Blessed One, the Worthy One, The Fully Self-enlightened One.
PRONUNCIATION
1) The Alphabet:

Pāli is not known to have a special script of its own. In countries where Pāli is studied, the scripts used in those countries are used to write Pāli: in India the Nāgarī, in Sri Lanka the Sinhalese, in Burma the Burmese and in Thailand the Kamboja script. The Pali Text Society, London, uses the Roman script and now it has gained international currency.

The Pāli alphabet consists of 41 letters - 8 vowels and 33 consonants.

Vowels: a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, e, o

Consonants:

Gutturals: k, kh, g, gh, ṅ
Palatals: c, ch, j, jh, ñ
Cerebrals: ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh, ṇ
Dentals: t, th, d, dh, n
Labials: p, ph, b, bh, m
Miscellaneous: y, r, l, v, s, h, ḷ, ṃ

The vowels a, i, u are short; ā, ī, ū are long; e, o are of middle length.
They are pronounced short before double consonants, e.g. mettā, khetta, koṭṭha, sotthi; and
Long before single consonants, e.g. deva, senā, loka, odana.

2) Pronunciation

a is pronounced like u in cut
ā is pronounced like a in father
i is pronounced like i in mill
ī is pronounced like ee in bee
u is pronounced like u in put
ū is pronounced like oo in cool
k is pronounced like k in kite
g is pronounced like g in good
ṅ is pronounced like ng in singer
c is pronounced like ch in church
j is pronounced like j in jam
ñ is pronounced like gn in signor
ṭ is pronounced like t in hat
ḍ is pronounced like d in good
ṇ is pronounced like n in now

-ooOoo-

English: 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | Appendix

Workbook: 01-05 | 06-10 | 11-15 | 16-20 | 21-25 | 26-32

Vietnamese: 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | Phụ đính

"The Pāli Primer" is a publication of the Vipassana Research Institute (https://www.vri.dhamma.org).
It aims to provide an elementary understanding of the Pali language.